Thymomodulin enhances vaccination responses against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia

Rogério  Salvador; Paulo Fernandes Marcusso; Gustavo Silva Claudiano; Fausto Almeida  Marinho-Neto; Jefferson  Yunis-Aguinaga; Fernando Carlos Ramos-Espinoza; Victor Alexander Cueva-Quiroz; Julieta Rodini Engracia de Moraes

doi:10.5965/223811712132022282

Authors

Rogério Salvador Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Bandeirantes, PR, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-8617
Paulo Fernandes Marcusso Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-4915
Gustavo Silva Claudiano Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-9123
Fausto Almeida Marinho-Neto Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-3924
Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-4350
Fernando Carlos Ramos-Espinoza Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-9852
Victor Alexander Cueva-Quiroz Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-9297
Julieta Rodini Engracia de Moraes Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-8781

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712132022282

Keywords:

fish vaccines, immunostimulant, thymic extract, streptococcosis

Abstract

Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae is a major economic problem for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus production worldwide. Inactivated vaccines are considered an efficient method for controlling streptococcosis. However, during the vaccination process, stress during fish handling could affect the immune response. Immunomodulators, such as thymomodulin, act on the immune system and can improve vaccination responses. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the immunomodulatory effect of thymomodulin in O. niloticus vaccinated against S. agalactiae. For this, fish were distributed in a factorial design (2x2x6), corresponding to two levels of thymomodulin supplementation (0.0 and 0.3%), two treatments (sterile phosphate buffered saline and inactivated S. agalactiae vaccine). Initially, fish received thymomodulin supplementation for 30 days. Next, fish were vaccinated by injection intraperitoneal (i.p.) of heat inactivated S. agalactiae vaccine. 15 days after vaccination, all fish were challenged i.p. with S. agalactiae and blood samples were collected at 7, 14, 21 days post infection (DPI). Results revealed that fish supplemented with thymomodulin vaccinated or not developed better protection against S. agalactiae than vaccinated fish without thymomodulin. Furthermore, fish vaccinated and supplemented with thymomodulin presented high levels of antibodies after 14 and 21 DPI, suggesting that thymomodulin can promote the immune response in Nile tilapia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

BILLER-TAKAHASHI J et al. 2013. Serum bactericidal activity as indicator of innate immunity in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 65: 1745-1751.

BRAGA PC et al. 1993. Thymomodulin stimulates phagocytosis in vitro by rat macrophages and human polymorphonuclear cells. Journal of Chemotherapy 5: 313-316.

BRICKNELL I & DALMO R. 2005. The use of immunostimulants in fish larval aquaculture. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 19: 457-472.

CHEN M et al. 2012. PCR detection and PFGE genotype analyses of streptococcal clinical isolates from tilapia in China. Veterinary Microbiology 159: 526-530.

CLAUDIANO GS et al. 2019. Hematological and immune changes in Piaractus mesopotamicus in the sepsis induced by Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 88: 259-265.

DELPHINO MK et al. 2019. Economic appraisal of vaccination against Streptoccocus agalactiae in Nile tilapia farms in Brazil. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 162: 131-135.

EVANS J et al. 2005. Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccination and Infection Stress in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 16: 105-111.

FAO. 2020. Food and Agriculture Organization. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (2020). Sustainability in action. Rome: FAO.

GALINA J et al. 2009. The use of immunostimulating herbs in fish. An overview of research. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 35: 669-676.

GANNAM AL & SCHROCK RM. 1999. Immunostimulants in fish diets. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 9: 53–89.

GARACI E et al. 2000. Thymosin alpha 1 in the treatment of cancer: from basic research to clinical application. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 22: 1067-1076.

HADDEN JW. 1993. Immunostimulants. Immunology Today 14: 275-280.

KOUTTAB N et al. 1989. Thymomodulin: biological properties and clinical applications. Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharmacotherapy 6: 5-9.

KIRON V. 2012. Fish immune system and its nutritional modulation for preventive health care. Animal Feed Science Technology 173: 111–133.

LOGAMBAL SM & MICHAEL RD. 2000. Immunostimulatory effect of azadirachtin in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 38: 1092-1096.

MARCUSSO PF et al. 2015. Influence of temperature on Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 52: 57-62.

MIYABE FM et al. 2017. Systematic Review Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy Against Streptococcus agalactiae in Fish. Annals of Vaccines and Immunization 3: 1013.

MOMMSEN T et al. 1999. Cortisol in teleost Dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 9: 211-268.

MUNANG’ANDU HM et al. 2016. An overview of vaccination strategies and antigen delivery systems for Streptococcus agalactiae vaccines in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Vaccines 4: 48.

OLMOS S et al. 2006. Cytokines mediating inflammation in a model of secondary immunodeficiency in Wistar rats: immunomodulation triggered by thymomodulin. European Journal of Inflammation 2: 97-107.

PASNIK DJ et al. 2005. Duration of protective antibodies and correlation with survival in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following Streptococcus agalactiae vaccination. Diseases of aquatic organisms 2: 129-134.

PASNIK DJ et al. 2008. Influence of Tricaine Methanesulfonate on Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccination of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Veterinary Research 2: 28-33.

PRETTO-GIORDANO L et al. 2010. Efficacy of an experimentally inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in Brazil. Aquaculture Research 41: 1539–1544.

RAA J. 1996. The use of immunostimulatory substances in fish and shellfish farming. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 4: 229-288.

RAMOS-ESPINOZA FC et al. 2020a. A comparison of novel inactivation methods for production of a vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture: e-735484.

RAMOS-ESPINOZA FC et al. 2020b. Efficacy of two adjuvants administrated with a novel hydrogen peroxide-inactivated vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia fingerlings. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 105: 350-358.

RODRÍGUEZ FE et al. 2016. β-1, 3/1, 6-Glucan-supplemented diets antagonize immune inhibitory effects of hypoxia and enhance the immune response to a model vaccine. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 59: 36-45.

SALVADOR R et al. 2003. Isolation of Streptococcus spp. from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and quality of water in hapas nets in North Region of Parana State, Brazil. Ciências Agrárias 24: 35-42.

SONG SK et al. 2014. Prebiotics as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 40: 40-48.

SWAIN P et al. 2007. Serum antibody response of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita to three species of pathogenic bacteria; Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 117: 137-141.

TAFALLA C et al. 2013. Adjuvants and immunostimulants in fish vaccines: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 35: 1740-1750.

VASUDEVA Y et al. 2006. Effect of Achyranthes aspera on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 20: 263-273.

VIJAYAN M et al. 1997. Metabolic Responses Associated with Confinement Stress in Tilapia: The Role of Cortisol. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 116: 89-95.

WANG Q et al. 2020. Cross-immunity in Nile tilapia vaccinated with Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae vaccines. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 97:382-389.

WHITTINGTON R et al. 2005. Effect of dietary β-glucan levels on the growth response and efficacy of Streptococcus iniae vaccine in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture 248: 217-225.

Thymomodulin enhances vaccination responses against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

Downloads

References

Downloads

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section

License

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Information

Language

Make a Submission

Keywords

Current Issue

Developed By

Clustrmaps