Extratos naturais como alternativa sustentável para o controle do Aedes aegypti: uma revisão atualizada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712322024334Palavras-chave:
Aedes aegypti, arbovírus, extratos naturais, controle vetorial, inseticidaResumo
O Aedes aegypti é o principal vetor de vírus que causam doenças como dengue, febre amarela, Zika e Chikungunya, levando a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em humanos e a custos substanciais de saúde. O método mais comum de controle do mosquito envolve o uso de inseticidas sintéticos; entretanto, o uso contínuo dessas substâncias leva à resistência das espécies e à contaminação ambiental. Em resposta a estes desafios, os extratos naturais surgiram como uma alternativa promissora para o controle de vetores, pois contêm componentes potencialmente tóxicos para os mosquitos. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar o estado atual do uso de extratos naturais como estratégia de controle tanto larval quanto adulto de Ae. aegypti. Por meio da recuperação de informações em bases de dados, considerando artigos originais publicados de 2018 a 2023, buscamos informações relacionadas à parte da planta utilizada para obtenção do extrato, métodos de extração e solventes utilizados. Foram encontrados 676 artigos, dos quais 35 atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos. Nessas publicações foram identificadas 38 famílias, 69 gêneros e 87 espécies de plantas, com destaque especial para as famílias Asteraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae e Lamiaceae devido ao maior número de espécies utilizadas em pesquisas. Por outro lado, os métodos mais utilizados para obtenção de extratos incluíram maceração com posterior filtração, bem como extração Soxhlet. Enquanto isso, os solventes preferidos para obtenção do extrato foram etanol e água. Concluindo, existe um uso generalizado de extratos de plantas como inseticidas, com potencial extraordinário para controlar populações de vetores como Ae. aegypti e, por sua vez, contribuir para a redução da transmissão de arbovírus por esse mosquito.
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