Saúde única: abordagem abrangente para melhorar as estratégias de prevenção e controle da Leptospirose
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712112022071Palavras-chave:
Leptospira, vigilância, fator de risco, zoonose negligenciadaResumo
A leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por Leptospira spp., uma espiroqueta que apresenta diversidade de sorvares, cuja prevalência, modo de transmissão e circulação dependem da ecologia e da complexa inter-relação entre humanos, animais e o meio em que convivem. Em animais, afeta a reprodução causando prejuízos econômicos e em termos de meio ambiente as evidências são limitadas. Porém, a água favorece a sobrevivência da bactéria; portanto, enchentes e aumento das chuvas são fatores que têm sido associados ao aumento dos casos de leptospirose. Apesar de sua distribuição global, potencial epidêmico, alta taxa de mortalidade humana e carga socioeconômica, essa zoonose é negligenciada. Além disso, exercícios de priorização de zoonoses em todo o mundo com base no impacto na agricultura, saúde humana e animal levaram a leptospirose a ser classificada entre as zoonoses mais importantes associadas à pobreza. Esta situação reflete a necessidade de uma gestão integral por parte dos órgãos reguladores da saúde humana, animal e ambiental; mas uma das principais barreiras da intersetorialidade é a forma como a administração é projetada para o controle desses eventos. As estruturas atuais levam-nos a refletir e a tender para uma abordagem holística, buscando novas formas de organização, novas estratégias para estudar, controlar e tratar a leptospirose, cujo controle é responsabilidade de diferentes setores e disciplinas. A gestão integral da leptospirose implica um maior conhecimento do agente e dos fatores de risco biológicos, socioeconômicos e culturais das regiões e, do ponto de vista prático, é necessário promover iniciativas de trabalho conjunto; bem como, apresentar evidências da necessidade de trabalhar a partir de uma perspectiva de "uma saúde" para uma zoonose que se tornou um problema emergente de saúde pública.
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