A imaginação nacional dos judeus norte-americanos: do pluralismo cultural liberal e sionista de Horace Kallen às incertezas do século XXI
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https://doi.org/10.5965/2175180313332021e0202Résumé
No debate de inícios do século XX acerca da incorporação dos imigrantes europeus, duas perspectivas compartilhavam a visão de que a nação norte-americana se assentava sobre valores cívicos, mas divergiam quanto às formas da incorporação: de um lado, o melting-pot de Israel Zangwill; de outro, o pluralismo cultural de Horace Kallen. Ao elaborar a ideia de pluralismo cultural, Kallen propôs, ademais, que os judeus dos Estados Unidos construíssem sua identidade norte-americana articulando sionismo e liberalismo. No pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, os judeus dos Estados Unidos teriam, portanto, construído uma imaginação nacional assentada nesses dois eixos culturais e políticos. Desde os anos 1970, porém, o consenso sionista dos judeus norte-americanos entrou em processo de erosão, o que, ao lado de mudanças demográficas, tem colocado novos desafios à sua imaginação nacional neste início de século XXI.
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