Ecotoxicity of the isoxaflutole herbicide to soil invertebratesEcotoxicity of isoxaflutole herbicide to soil invertebrates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811711922020217Keywords:
avoidance behavior tests, earthworms, pesticides, soil ecotoxicologyavoidance behaviour tests, soil ecotoxicologyAbstract
Isoxaflutole (IFT) is a pre-emergence herbicide used to control of a wide range of broadleaf and grass weeds, especially those resistant to other herbicide classes, such as glyphosate and atrazine. Although its herbicidal potential was identified in the early 90’s, IFT is still a new active ingredient in Brazil and little is known about its effects, mainly regarding to ecotoxicity of formulated products to soil macro and mesofauna groups. This study aimed to assess behavioral, acute, and chronical effects (avoidance, lethality, and reproduction) of the commercial product ProvenceTM 750 WG (750 g a.i. L-1 isoxaflutole) on the test organisms Eisenia andrei (earthworms) and Folsomia candida (collembolans) using standardized ISO guidelines. The results showed the avoidance of the earthworm species only at >300 times the predicted field doses, as well as a decrease in reproduction over >150 times the predicted field dose. Neither the avoidance, nor lethality or reproduction response were found for the collembolan species. The laboratory results showed that it is possible to assume that ProvenceTM is not toxic to earthworms and collembolans, even at the highest field dose applied, ensuring the safety of soil communities.
Downloads
References
AGUIAR LM et al. 2016. Glyphosate based herbicide exposure causes antioxidant defence responses in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 185-186: 94-101.
AMORIM MJ et al. 2012. Assessing single and joint effects of chemicals on the survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida (Collembola) in soil. Environmental Pollution 160: 145-152.
BELDEN JB et al. 2005. Toxicity of pendimethalin to nontarget soil organisms. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 74: 769-776.
BUCH AC et al. 2013. Toxicity of three pesticides commonly used in Brazil to Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) and Eisenia andrei (Bouché 1972). Applied Soil Ecology 69: 32-38.
CAVALIERI SD et al. 2008. Tolerance of corn hybrids to nicosulfuron. Planta Daninha 26: 203-214.
CHELINHO S et al. 2010. Cleanup of atrazine-contaminated soils: ecotoxicological study on the efficacy of a bioremediation tool with Pseudomonas sp. ADP. Journal of Soils and Sediments 10: 568-578.
COX C & SURGAN M. 2006. Unidentified inert ingredients in pesticides: implications for human and environmental health. Environmental Health Perspectives 114: 1803-1806.
DOMENE X et al. 2010. Role of soil properties in sewage sludge toxicity to soil collembolans. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42: 1982-1990.
EC. 2003. European Commission. Technical Guidance Document on Risk Assessment Part II. Ispra: Joint research Centre. 337p.
EFSA. 2016. European Food Safety Authority. Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance isoxaflutole. EFSA Journal 14: 4416.
EPPO. 2003. European Plant Protection Organization. Environmental Risk Assessment scheme for plant protection products. EPPO Bulletin 33: 151-162.
GARCÍA MVB. 2004. Effects of pesticides on soil fauna: Development of ecotoxicological test methods for tropical regions. Ecology and Development Series 19: 291.
GIESY JP et al. 2000. Ecotoxicological risk assessment for Roundup® herbicide. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 167: 35-120.
HANDY RD et al. 2012. Practical considerations for conducting ecotoxicity test methods with manufactured nanomaterials: what have we learnt so far? Ecotoxicology 21: 933-972.
ISAAA. 2018. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. Available in: http://www.isaaa.org/ Access in: 22 may 2018.
ISO. 2008. International Organization For Standardization. ISO 17512-1. Soil quality – Avoidance test for determinig the quality of soils and effects on behaviour – Part 1: Test with earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei). Genebra: ISO.
ISO. 2011a. International Organization For Standardization. ISO 11267. Soil quality – Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants. Genebra: ISO.
ISO 17512-2. 2011b. International Organization For Standardization. Soil quality – Avoidance test for determining the qualite of soils and effects of chemicals on behavior - Part 2: Test with collembolans (Folsomia candida). Genebra: ISO.
ISO 11268-1. 2012a. International Organization For Standardization. Effects of pollutants on earthworms - Part 1: Determination of acute toxicity to Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Genebra: ISO.
ISO 11268-2. 2012b. International Organization For Standardization. Soil quality - Effects of pollutants on earthworms -Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Genebra: ISO.
JANSCH S et al. 2006. Effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates in model ecosystem and field studies: a review and comparison with laboratory toxicity data. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25: 2490-2501.
KORBOULEWSKY N et al. 2016. How tree diversity affects soil fauna diversity: a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 94: 94-106.
LAVELLE P. 2011. Earthworms as Ecosystem Engineers. In: GLIŃSKI J et al. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. New York: Springer. p. 233-235.
LINS VS et al. 2007. The effect of the glyphosate, 2,4-D, atrazine e nicosulfuron herbicides upon the Edaphic collembola (Arthropoda: Ellipura) in a no tillage system. Neotropical Entomology 36: 261-267.
MARQUES CR et al. 2009. Using earthworm avoidance behaviour to assess the toxicity of formulated herbicides and their active ingredients on natural soils. Journal of Soils Sediments 9: 137-147.
NATAL-DA-LUZ T et al. 2004. Avoidance tests with collembola and earthworms as early screening tools for site-specific assessment of polluted soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23: 2188-2193.
NELSON EA & PENNER D. 2005. Sensitivity of selected crops to isoxaflutole in soil and irrigation water. Weed Technology 19: 659-663.
OECD. 2016. The Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. Test No. 226: Predatory mite (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer) reproduction test in soil. Paris: OECD.
PALLETT KE et al. 2001. Isoxaflutole: the background to its discovery and the basis of its herbicidal properties. Pest Management Science 57: 133-142.
RICE PJ et al. 2004. Effect of soil properties on the degradation of isoxaflutole and the sorption-desorption of isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile degradate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 7621-7627.
SALVIO C et al. 2016. Survival, Reproduction, Avoidance Behavior and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Earthworm Octolasion cyaneum Exposed to Glyphosate. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 96: 314-319.
SCHNEIDER CA et al. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Medicine 9: 671-675.
TOMINACK RL. 2000. Herbicide formulations. Journal of Toxicology 38: 129-135.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias (Journal of Agroveterinary Sciences)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors publishing in this journal are in agreement with the following terms:
a) Authors maintain the copyrights and concede to the journal the copyright for the first publication, according to Creative Commons Attribution Licence.
b) Authors have the authority to assume additional contracts with the content of the manuscript.
c) Authors may supply and distribute the manuscript published by this journal.
